In Germany, around 25,450 people were diagnosed with malignant melanoma of the skin (commonly known as black skin cancer) in 2022. Women and men were affected at roughly the same rate. The average age at diagnosis was relatively low for women at 63 years. Men were typically diagnosed at the average age of 69.

The most common form of malignant melanoma is the so-called superficial spreading melanoma. It usually grows slowly across the surface of the skin and can often be treated effectively. Other forms, such as nodular or amelanotic melanoma, are less common but tend to be more aggressive and harder to detect. Overall, the chances of recovery in Germany are good: Especially in the early stages of the disease, those affected have a good prognosis. Nevertheless, more than 3,000 people die from this illness each year.

The main external risk factor for malignant melanoma is ultraviolet (UV) radiation – especially when the skin is repeatedly exposed to strong sunlight. This applies to both natural sunlight and artificial UV radiation, for example in tanning beds. Sunburns during childhood and adolescence are particularly dangerous. In addition, genetic factors also play a role: people who are born with very large moles (also known as birthmarks) or who have very fair skin are at a higher risk. Those who have already had malignant melanoma are also more likely to develop it again. And: if a close relative – such as a parent or sibling – has had melanoma, this could indicate a family-related increased risk due to inherited genetic mutations.

From the age of 35, people with statutory health insurance in Germany are entitled to a free skin check-up every two years. During this examination, a doctor – such as a dermatologist or a GP with special training – checks the skin for any signs of skin cancer.

The Centre for Cancer Registry Data (ZfKD) at the Robert Koch Institute collects data from the federal states’ cancer registries and analyses it at the national level. The aim is to provide reliable information on cancer in Germany – both for scientific research and for anyone interested in understanding the cancer situation in the country.